• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus for servicing an air conditioning system, in particular for air conditioning systems which use CO2 or R744 as refrigerants. The device has a low-pressure-side region (A) which can be connected via a low-pressure-side coupling (1) to a service connection on the low-pressure side of the air-conditioning system, and a high-pressure-side region (C) via a high-pressure side coupling (1 ') a service connection can be connected to the high pressure side of the air conditioner. Between the low-pressure-side region (A) and the high-pressure-side region (C), a compressor 4 is provided and between the compressor (4) and the high-pressure-side region (C), an overpressure region (B) is provided, which via a throttle element (5) is connected to the high-pressure side region (C).
    公开号:AT514924A4
    申请号:T50331/2014
    申请日:2014-05-12
    公开日:2015-05-15
    发明作者:Peter Dipl Ing Kerschenbauer
    申请人:Ditest Fahrzeugdiagnose Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Apparatus and method for servicing an air conditioner
    The invention relates to a device for servicing an air conditioning system, in particular for air conditioning systems, which use as refrigerant C02 or R744, wherein the device is a niederεdruckseitigen range, which is connectable via a low-pressure side coupling to a service port on the low pressure side of the air conditioner, and a high-pressure side area, which can be connected via a high-pressure-side coupling to a service connection on the high-pressure side of the air conditioning system, wherein a compressor is provided between the low-pressure side region and the high-pressure side region. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a service unit for air conditioners.
    Regardless of the refrigerant used, an air conditioning service has the task of draining the air conditioning system, evacuating it and then refilling it with the correct amount of refrigerant and oil. Modern service equipment, such as are used for automotive air conditioning systems, usually have two service connections, one is connected to the high pressure side of the air conditioning, and the other to the Nieder¬druckseite. As a result, a circuit is formed, which usually leads from the low-pressure-side connection via an oil separator, an evaporator, a compressor and a liquefier to the high-pressure-side connection. In the service unit emptying and filling devices are further provided for sucking off the mixture of refrigerant and compressor oil from the refrigerant circuit and for refilling the air conditioning system with refrigerant and compressor oil. In this case, in a first phase, the cycle mixture via a separation stage, for. As an oil separator or a filter aspirated. Thereafter, the circulatory system is largely emptied by means of a vacuum pump and then fed to the system from a storage container new refrigerant and fresh oil.
    Systems and methods for the maintenance of air conditioning systems are known, for example, from WO2011 / 088831 A1, DE 202008003123 U1, or DE 102009054436 A1.
    When emptying the air-conditioning circuit, there is a problem that the refrigerant may freeze under a pressure threshold upon rapid expansion in the wet steam region. In the case of CO 2 or R 744 as refrigerant, the threshold at which the CO 2 solidifies to dry ice in the wet steam range is at a pressure of 5.18 bar. In order to avoid icing of the CO 2, therefore, in a first step a depressurization to about 18 bar be carried out, and then wait until the C02 has completely evaporated in the vehicle before the suction can be continued.
    The present invention is based on the idea of providing a device and a method by which the abovementioned problems of the prior art are alleviated. In particular, the time required to empty the air conditioner should be shortened by the invention.
    According to the invention, these and other objects are achieved by a device mentioned in the introduction, at softer between the compressor and the high-pressure side region an overpressure region is provided, which is connected via a throttle body with the high-pressure side Be¬reich. The recoverable overpressure allows for more efficient engineering use of the area outside the wet steam curve of the refrigerant on the gas side of the phase diagram. In the context of this invention, a throttle device is a suitable device which can exert the pressure-regulating function of a throttle. These include, for example, an expansion valve, a fixed throttle, an orifice with or without bypass, etc.
    Advantageously, a vacuum pump can be connected to the low-pressure side region with which the fluid system of the system or individual regions thereof can be evacuated.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, starting from the low-pressure side coupling by means of valves, a circulation fluid connection via the low-pressure side region, the compressor, the overpressure region, the throttle member, and the hochdrucksei¬ tigen range to the high-pressure side coupling be releasable. This recirculating fluid connection makes it possible to quickly condition the coolant in the system in a circulatory process so that the formation of dry ice is prevented during deflation.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, a storage tank can be provided in a storage area, which can be connected via valves to the overpressure area and / or the low pressure area. The reservoir is usable both for storing the pumped-off coolant and for providing the coolant to be pumped.
    Furthermore, in an advantageous manner, starting from the low-pressure-side coupling by means of valves, a pumped-down fluid connection can be released via the low-pressure side region, the compressor and the overpressure region to the reservoir. Coolant extracted from the air conditioning system can thereby be treated and stored for recycling in the storage container.
    In a further advantageous manner, from the reservoir, by means of valves, a single-pumping fluid connection via the compressor, the overpressure region and the high-pressure side region to the high-pressure side KuoDluna can be released. When pumping in, the coolant from the storage container can be pumped into the air conditioning system via the high-pressure-side connection by means of the compressor. In this case, the coolant in the overpressure region can be cooled with a gas cooler and the quantity pumped in can be measured with a flow measurement.
    According to a preferred embodiment can be connected according to the invention on the niederdruck¬seitigen area and / or on the high pressure side area drain valves. This allows the refrigerant, e.g. C02, drain into the environment.
    In an advantageous embodiment, a fresh oil tank may be connected to the fluid system via a fresh oil valve. This allows in a simple way, the refilling fri¬ oil in the air conditioning. In the context of the present description, the term "fluid system" refers to the entirety of all lines and components of the device and optionally the air conditioning system connected thereto, in which the fluid of the refrigerant can be located or through which the refrigerant can flow.
    Preferably, an oil separator and / or an evaporator and / or a filter drier may be provided in the low-pressure side region, and in the overpressure region, a liquid separator and / or a gas cooler and / or a flow measurement may be provided. These features allow advantageous conditioning of the coolant. In particular, used oil and contaminants can be removed from the coolant. The flow measurement allows a precise measurement of the refilled coolant quantity.
    An advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention can provide that in the overpressure region between the compressor and the gas cooler a switching valve is provided, with which the circulation fluid connection can be diverted to a bypass bypassing the gas cooler. A single compressor can thus be used both for the circulation step (via the bypass), as well as for pumping down and for pumping the coolant (each via the gas cooler).
    The method according to the invention for operating a service unit for air conditioners, in particular for air conditioning systems, which use CO 2 or R 744 as refrigerant, is characterized in that the service unit forms a circuit via a low-pressure-side coupling and a high-pressure-side coupling to the low-pressure side or the high-pressure side of the air conditioner is connected, the method comprising the step of transferring the refrigerant in the air conditioner from a phase state II within the wet steam curve by means of a cycle process to a phase state IIE outside the wet steam curve, wherein in the phase state IIE the particular enthalpy has a value that does not Has cut area with a dry ice area of the refrigerant. Starting from the phase state IIE, the refrigerant can be removed without the formation of dry ice.
    In connection with the subject invention, a "working process" in which the coolant is circulated in a cycle is referred to as the "circulatory process". With regard to the phase changes, this is not a closed circular process, since the desired end point of the state change (phase state IIE) does not match the initial state (phase state II). The circulation process could spielsweise of a simple Umwälzanlage with a gas pump and a Wärmezu¬uhr, e.g. a heat exchanger, as this would be sufficient to increase the enthalpy of the refrigerant. However, particularly advantageous is the use of the device according to the invention for the maintenance of an air conditioning system described herein.
    The cyclic process of phase state II may advantageously comprise the following state changes: substantially isobaric heating of the refrigerant up to the wet steam curve, substantially isentropic compression to an overpressure above the pressure of the initial phase state II and preferably above the critical state Pressure of the refrigerant, substantially isenthalpe expansion, and mixing with the refrigerant in the air conditioner. This represents a simple recirculation process that is essentially realized with an evaporator, a compressor and a throttle body.
    Before the step of the circulation process, the method according to the invention may comprise the following steps: Evacuation of a closed area of the service device, which connects to the low pressure side of the air conditioner and is separated from it by a closed valve and opening a fluid connection between the evacuated Be¬ rich of the service device and the fluid system of the air conditioner. As a result, the cycle process can be started from a favorable phase state II, which results after a first expansion of the coolant.
    Advantageously, after the circulation process, the method may include the step of pumping the refrigerant from the air conditioner into a reservoir. According to the circumstances and the legal conditions, the refrigerant can either be drained or stored for recycling.
    In a preferred embodiment, waste oil can be separated during the process and the amount of waste oil separated from the air conditioning system can be determined. This makes it possible to deduce the amount of fresh oil to be replenished in the air conditioning system.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the method may include the step of evacuating the system with a vacuum pump after draining and possibly pumping off the refrigerant. The evacuation of the system allows a density test. At the same time any water present in the system is evaporated and removed from the circulation.
    After removing the refrigerant and before refilling the air conditioner, fresh oil may advantageously be introduced into the evacuated fluid system, the amount of fresh oil may be determined by the amount of waste oil deposited. Thereby, a simple and accurate metering of the fresh oil amount is achieved through a simple operation til possible. There is no pump required because the fresh oil is sucked in by the vacuum. The oil is taken with the subsequent filling of the refrigerant and thus enters the air conditioning.
    The invention will be described in detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show by way of example, schematically and not by way of limitation advantageous embodiments of the invention, wherein
    1 shows a circuit diagram of a service device,
    Figures 2A-2C show in a schematic representation some fluid connections that can be made by switching valves, and
    Fig. 3 shows the phase changes of the recirculation step in a p, h diagram of R744.
    1 shows an embodiment of the service device in a circuit diagram, wherein the fluid system of the device can be subdivided essentially into four regions, a low-pressure-side region A, an overpressure region B, a high-pressure-side region C and a reservoir region D.
    The low-pressure side region A starts at the low-pressure side clutch 1, with which the service device is connected to the low-pressure side of the vehicle air conditioner. From the low-pressure-side coupling 1, the line preferably runs in a hose as far as a first shut-off valve 101, wherein measuring devices 16 for the pressure and the temperature are provided in front of the shut-off valve 101. When connecting the low-pressure-side coupling with the air conditioning system, the shut-off valve 101 is closed, and the measuring devices 16 essentially measure the values for the climate agent on the low-pressure side of the air conditioning system. After the shut-off valve 101, an oil separator 2 is arranged, and after a further shut-off valve 102, the line via an evaporator 3 and a filter drier 11 leads to a further valve 103, which can be seen as the end of the low-pressure side area.
    The oil separated from the oil separator 2 from the air conditioner is collected in a waste oil collecting tank 14 and weighed with a balance to detect the amount of oil to be replenished.
    Between the evaporator 3 and the filter drier 11 there are two connections, where the first connection leads to a shut-off valve 106, which is provided as a delimitation to the storage area D. The second port leads to a vacuum pump 10 via a check valve 109.
    Between the filter drier 11 and the valve 103, a further connection is provided, which leads to a first discharge valve V1, via which the refrigerant can be discharged to the environment.
    After the valve 103 at the end of the low-pressure-side region A, a compressor 4 is provided, which opens into the overpressure region B. In the overpressure region B, a liquid separator 12 is provided after the compressor 4, which serves to recover oil and equipment of the compressor, which are carried by the coolant, and to feed it back to the compressor. The safety valve 13 limits the system pressure in order to counteract possible damage by possible defects and thus excessive pressure. After the liquid separator 12, the fluid flow through a switching valve 6 can be guided either via a flow measurement 8 and a gas cooler 7, or via a bypass 17 that bypasses the flow measurement and the gas cooler. At the end of Über¬druckbereichs B is still a check valve 104, and after this line leads to a throttle body 5, which is arranged between the overpressure region B and the subsequent high-pressure side region C. Between the shut-off valve 104 and the throttling member 5, there is provided a port leading to a second discharge valve V2.
    As a throttle member 5, a controlled expansion valve is used in the illustrated embodiment. However, the throttle body can be realized in another way, for example by an orifice with or without bypass, or a fixed throttle in conjunction with a variable speed compressor.
    The high-pressure-side region C starting after the throttle element 5 has a shut-off valve 105 and measuring devices 16 ', by means of which the pressure and temperature of the supply hose to the high-pressure side of the air-conditioning system can be measured. Between the throttle body 5 and the shut-off valve 105, a connection is provided, which leads via a fresh oil valve 110 to a fresh oil tank 15. The high-pressure-side region C ends at the high-pressure-side coupling 1 ', with which the service device is connected to the high-pressure side of the air conditioning system.
    As can be seen in FIG. 1, by opening the port valves 101 and 105, as well as the inner valves 102, 103 and 104, between the low-pressure side clutch 1 and the high-pressure side clutch 1 ', a continuous fluid communication provided by the low-pressure side clutch 1 via the oil separator 2, the evaporator 3, the filter dryer 11, the compressor 4, the liquid separator 12, the switched to the bypass 17 switching valve 6, the bypass 17 and the throttle body 5 to the high-pressure side clutch '' leads. This route will be referred to below as a circulation fluid connection 201, and it is again shown schematically and clearly simplified in FIG. 2A. Together with the conduits of the air conditioner, the circulating fluid communication 201 provides a continuous circulatory system. It should be noted that the circulation fluid connection 201 bypasses the gas cooler 7 arranged in the overpressure region by switching the changeover valve 6 toward the bypass 17. The functional significance of the circulation fluid connection 201 will be explained in more detail in connection with the description of the method according to the invention.
    The fourth area of the device is the storage area D, which essentially consists of a storage container 9 and a weighing unit 19 mounted thereon. The opening into the reservoir 9 line can be shut off with a shut-off valve 108. From the storage area D, a first line via the shut-off valve 106 leads to the region A on the low-pressure side, and a second line via a shut-off valve 107 leads to the excess pressure region B, this line discharging at the outlet of the gas cooler 7.
    As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, valves 101-110, V1 and V2, as well as the switching valve 6, can be used to realize a variety of different fluid connections through the elements and conduits of the device illustrated in FIG. By opening the valves 101, 102, 103, 107 and 108 and switching the switching valve 6 to the flow meter 8 and the gas cooler 7, it is possible to produce, for example, an exhaust fluid connection 202 via which the refrigerant from the air conditioning system is supplied from the compressor 4 via the gas cooler 7 can be pumped into the reservoir 9. The pump down fluid connection 202 is shown schematically in FIG. 2B.
    By opening the valves 108, 106, 103, 104 and 105 and switching the switching valve 6 to the flow measurement 8 and the gas cooler 7, a single-pumping fluid connection 203 can be produced, via which with the compressor 4 refrigerant from the reservoir 9 via the Flow measurement 8, the gas cooler 7 and the throttle body 5 can be pumped into the high pressure side of the air conditioning. The single pump fluid connection 203 is shown schematically in FIG. 2C.
    A method is explained below by way of example with which the maintenance device illustrated in FIG. 1 can be advantageously used for carrying out a refrigerant change in a motor vehicle air conditioning system.
    First, the low-pressure side clutch 1 and the high-pressure-side clutch 1 'are connected to corresponding service ports of the vehicle air conditioner, with the port valves 101 and 105 closed. The low-pressure side coupling 1 and the high-pressure side coupling 1 'are each located at the end of a connection hose 20,20', with which the service connections in the car can be easily reached. It is also possible to use a combination connection with which, in a single work step, both connections can be connected to the air conditioning system at the same time. Once the connection is made, the mixture of refrigerant and compressor oil in the air conditioning system flows into the connection hoses 20, 20 'and an equilibrium state is established, with the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant being displayed on the measuring devices 16, 16'. In a typical exemplary automotive air conditioning system with R744 as the coolant, the CO 2 in the air conditioner, after equilibrating at room temperature (about 20 ° C), has a pressure in the range of about 60 bar. The degree of filling of the system is usually in a range of maximum 260 kg / m3 or less if the vehicle air conditioner is full.
    It should be noted that the operating pressures of the air conditioner (which are usually bei¬spielsweise about 130 bar on the high pressure side and about 40 bar on the low pressure side lie¬) when servicing the system play no role, since the air conditioning compressor (as well as the gas cooler and the air conditioner evaporator) during service. Therefore, when the term "high-pressure side of the air conditioning system" is used in the context of this application, it is meant only the line section of the air conditioner which is between the compressor and the throttle of the air conditioner and that above the gas cooler and, in the case of CO 2 as the coolant inner heat exchanger of Kühlan¬lage runs. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, with the compressor stopped, substantially the same pressure and phase condition will rapidly appear throughout the air conditioning circuit. In the present example, this phase state in the rest position is approximately 20 ° C., 250 kg / m 3 and 57 bar and is designated as point I in the phase diagram of FIG. 3.
    After connecting the service device, the inner valve 102 and the vacuum pump valve 109 are opened and the volume of the oil separator 2 is evacuated with the vacuum pump. Thereafter, after closing the vacuum pump valve 109, the connection valve 101 is opened, which causes the refrigerant of the air conditioner to flow into the oil separator. The state change taking place in the diagram of FIG. 3 can be seen as anisenthal expansion between the points I and II. In the example shown, point II is approximately at -2 ° C. and 33 bar, approximately doubling the volume. If, starting from point II, one began to discharge the refrigerant via the drain valves V1 and V2 (or to pump it off into the reservoir) and thereby relax rapidly, the pressure would be 5.18 bar (at a temperature of approx. 59 ° C) solidify the refrigerant to dry ice. So far, it has been customary, after a first relaxation up to about 18 bar, to wait until the CO 2 is completely evaporated in the cooling circuit. Thereafter, the purge operation can be continued, now outside the wet steam area.
    With the device according to the invention, it is now possible to avoid this waiting time and thereby considerably reduce the total duration required for the service. In the next step, the circulating fluid connection 201 (according to FIG. 2A) is produced by corresponding switching of the valves. Thereafter, via the compressor 4, the refrigerant is circulated in the circulation fluid connection 201, and from the low-pressure side clutch 1 to the high-pressure side clutch T sequentially follow the phases (see FIG. 3) and elements (see FIG 1) goes through:
    In the oil separator 2, the waste oil entrained by the refrigerant is separated and collected in an oil tank 14. The amount of collected waste oil can be determined for example by means of a balance.
    In the evaporator, the CO 2 isobarically heated out of the wet steam curve (state change from point II to point III in FIG. 3) and then passes through a filter drier to remove any residual impurities or moisture. The refrigerant in the present example at point III has a pressure of about 33 bar and a temperature of about 15 ° C.
    From the compressor 4, the refrigerant is substantially isentropically compressed to a supercritical pressure of about 90 bar, the pressure being controlled by the throttle body 5 (state change from point III to point IV in Fig. 3). The temperature at point IV is about 100 ° C. The liquid separator 12 serves to recycle entrained oil of the compressor 4 therefrom. Via the reversing valve 6 and the bypass 17, the refrigerant passes, bypassing the gas cooler 7 directly to Drosseloraan 5. where there is an exuded expansion (from point IV to point V in Fig. 3) to a pressure of about 67 bar and a temperature comes from about 80 ° C.
    In the air conditioner, it then mixes with the refrigerant located in the accumulator of the air conditioner and initially has the output phase state (point II in Fig. 3). By mixing, the phase state in the air conditioner changes at a constant density, shifting to the mixing point,, which is plotted in the diagram at about 4 ° C and about 38 bar, for example. The mixing point ΙΓ represents only one virtual point, since in the actual cycle process this point constant shifts along the isodens (approximately at 125 kg / m3).
    Starting from the mixing point ΙΓ, the further course of the circulation process is over the point ΙΙΓ (15 ° C, 38 bar), IV '(85 ° C, 90 bar), V' (61 ° C, 61 bar) until the next mixing point II "(about 10 ° C, 43 bar) indicated.
    The circulation process is carried out until a phase state is reached in the air conditioner according to point IIE, this point lying at an enthalpy whose isenthalpe is completely outside the dry ice region 21. The exact location of endpoint llE depends strongly on the initial fill level of the plant and is preferably at a specific enthalpy of about 450 kJ / kg or above. From point IIE, CO 2 can be drained and pumped out without the coolant freezing. A value pair for the pressure and the temperature in the circulation can be read off via the measuring devices 16, 16 'during the circulation process, from which it can be determined whether a sufficient enthalpy for the discharge has already been reached at the predetermined filling level. It is not absolutely necessary to know exactly the actual degree of filling (ie the density) of the system. Using the maximum fill level as the reference value for the process, if the fill level were actually lower, the same cycle process would only result in a higher enthalpy endpoint llE, so that further icing in the subsequent bleed step is not to be feared.
    In the illustrated cycle process, it is assumed that neither the mass of the circulating refrigerant, nor the volume of the fluid system changes, and thus the density of the refrigerant (when considering the entire system in an equilibrium state) remains the same throughout the recycle process. For this reason, the phase states II, ΙΓ, II "to IIE in FIG. 3 are on the same isodense. However, it would also be possible to remove a portion of the refrigerant during the recirculation process, for example by dosed opening of the purge valve V2, to arrive at a point IIE where the refrigerant has a different density than at point II. It could be achieved, for example that all points II, ΙΓ, II "lie on an isobar until llE. The method according to the invention could thereby also be realized with weaker compressors, which have only a lower power, and for example are only suitable for nominal pressures of only 80, 70, 60 bar or less.
    Discharging can be done by opening the drain valves V1, V2, but it is also possible with the device according to the invention to collect the refrigerant and make it accessible to a Wieder use. For this purpose, the inner valve 104 is closed between the overpressure region B and the high-pressure side region C, and the switching valve 106 is switched to the side of the gas cooler 7. By opening the overpressure-side shut-off valve 106 and the reservoir valve 108, a pump-down fluid connection 202 can be provided which starts from the low-pressure-side coupling 1 via the oil separator 2, the evaporator 3, the filter drier 11, the compressor 4, the liquid separator 12, the Changeover valve 6, the flow measurement 8 and the gas cooler 7 leads to the reservoir 9. The compressor 4 can now pump the refrigerant via the low-pressure side clutch 1 from the circuit of the air conditioning in the reservoir.
    After pumping off the refrigerant, the reservoir valve 108 is closed and remaining CÖ2 discharged via the drain valves V1 and V2 until the pressure in the system has dropped to ambient pressure. Thereafter, the port valves 101, 105, the inner valves 102, 103, 104, and the vacuum pump valve 109 are opened, and the system is evacuated via the vacuum pump 10, with the vacuum pump achieving a pressure of the order of about 1 mbar. At this pressure, any water present in the system also evaporates and is sucked off via the vacuum pump 10 together with the remaining refrigerant.
    After the system has been completely evacuated, the amount of compressor oil collected in the waste oil collecting container 14 is measured and a corresponding amount of fresh oil is introduced from the fresh oil container 15 into the high-pressure-side region C by metered opening of the fresh oil valve 110. The prevailing vacuum in the system causes the oil to be sucked into the system without further ado. In the subsequent pumping-in step, the oil is then flushed by the inflowing refrigerant into the circuit of the air conditioning system.
    For subsequent refilling of the air conditioner, the inner valves 103, 104 and 105 are then opened and the changeover valve is switched into the direction leading to the gas cooler 7. Further, the low-pressure side shut-off valve 106 and the reservoir tank 108 are opened so that the one-pumping fluid communication 203 is established from the reservoir 9 via the filter drier 11, the compressor 4, the liquid separator 12, the switching valve 6, the check valve 18, the throttle body 5 and the hochdruck¬seitige clutch V leads into the high pressure side of the air conditioner. Then, the compressor 4 C02 pumps from the reservoir via the pumped-in fluid connection 203 in the Klimaanla¬ge, the amount of the pumped refrigerant is measured in the flow measurement 8 in order to fill the manufacturer according to the required amount of refrigerant in the air conditioner. The high pressure of the compressor is controlled by the throttle body 5. When pumping in, the port valve 101 and the first inner valve 102 remain closed so that the oil separator does not fill with refrigerant.
    After filling, the port valve 105 is closed and the clutches 1 and V are released from the service ports of the air conditioner.
    In a modification to the particular embodiment illustrated in the figures, which serves to explain the invention, the device according to the invention can also be embodied in numerous other ways. In particular, the arrangement of elements can be changed and certain elements can also be completely removed, as long as this does not impair the functionality of the device and the implementation of the method according to the invention.
    For example, the arrangement of the oil separator 2 and the evaporator 3 could be exchanged without impairing the functionality. The flow measurement 8 is not absolutely necessary, since the filling quantity can also be determined in another way, as is known in the art, for example by mass measurement of the refrigerant bottle with simultaneous compensation of the refrigerant quantity in the service unit. Also, the flow measurement may be located elsewhere in the system.
    The filling of the vehicle air conditioner and possibly also the recycling in a bottle would also work with a simplified system in which no gas cooler 7 is present. Also, if the CO 2 is not to be recycled, no changeover valve 6 would be required, and also the valves 107 and 108 may be eliminated and the flow measurement may be placed in the circuit upstream of the valve 104, if desired.
    According to the invention, many modified embodiments can be provided by those skilled in the art without inventive step without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
    REFERENCE CHARACTERS:
    Low-pressure side coupling 1High-pressure side coupling VÖlabscheider 2Verdampfer 3Kompressor 4Driven organ 5Umschaltventil 6Gaskühler 7Durchflussmessung 8Varratsbehälter 9Vakuumpumpe 10Filter dryer 11Flüssigkeitsabscheider 12Sicherheitsventil 13Altölsammelbehälter 14Frischölbehälter 15Messgeräte 16, 16 '
    Bypass 17 check valve 18 weighing unit 19 connection hose 20, 20 '
    Dry ice area 21connection valves 101, 105Inside valves 102, 103, 104 High-pressure side and over-pressure shut-off valve 106, 107
    Reservoir valve 108
    Vacuum pump valve 109
    Fresh oil valve 110
    Drain valves V1, V2
    Circulating fluid connection 201
    Pump down fluid connection 202
    Pump-in fluid connection 203
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    1. A device for servicing an air conditioner, in particular for air conditioning systems, which use as Käl¬temittel CO2 or R744, wherein the device a low-pressure side region (A) connected via a low-pressure side coupling (1) to a service port on the low pressure side of the air conditioner is, and a high-pressure side region (C), which is connectable via a high-pressure side coupling (1 ') to a service port on the high pressure side of the air conditioner, wherein between the low pressure side region (A) and the high pressure side region (C), a Compressor 4 is provided, characterized in that between the compressor (4) and the high-pressure side region (C), an overpressure region (B) is provided which is connected via a throttle member (5) to the high-pressure side region (C).
    [2]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vacuum pump (10) is connected to the low pressure side region (A).
    [3]
    3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that of the low-pressure side coupling (1) by means of valves (101, 102, 103, 104, 105) ei¬ne circulation fluid connection (201) on the low-pressure side region (A), - the Compressor (4), the overpressure region (B), - the throttle body (5), and - the high-pressure side region (C) to the high-pressure side clutch (1 ') is releasable.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in a Vorratsbereich (D) a reservoir (9) is provided, which via valves (106, 107, 108) to the overpressure region (B) and / or the low pressure side region (A) is attachable.
    [5]
    An apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that from the low-pressure side coupling (1) by means of valves (101, 102, 103, 107, 108), a pump down fluid communication (202) is established across the low pressure side region (A), the compressor (4) and the overpressure region (B ) Is releasable to the reservoir (9).
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that from the supply container (9) by means of valves (108,106,103,104,105) a pumped-in fluid connection (203) via the compressor (4), - the overpressure region (B) and - High-pressure side region (C) to the high-pressure side clutch (1 ') is releasable.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on low-pressure side region (A) and / or on the high-pressure side region (C) Ablass¬ valves (V1, V2) are connected.
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a Fri¬schölbehälter (15) via a fresh oil valve (110) is connected to the fluid system.
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the nieder¬derdruckseitigen area (A) an oil separator (2) and / or an evaporator (3) and / ora filter drier (11) are provided, and that in the overpressure area (B) a Flüssigkeits¬keitsabscheider (12) and / or a gas cooler (7) and / or a flow measurement (8) are provided.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that in the overpressure region (B) between the compressor (4) and the gas cooler (7) is provided a switching valve (6) with which the circulation fluid connection to a gas cooler (7) by-By ¬pass (17) can be redirected.
    [11]
    11. A method for operating a service unit for air conditioners, in particular for air conditioners, which use as refrigerant C02 or R744, characterized in that the service unit connected to form a circuit via a low-pressure side coupling and a high-pressure side coupling to the low-pressure side and the high-pressure side of the air conditioning and that the method comprises the step of converting the refrigerant in the air conditioning system from a phase state II within the wet steam curve by means of a circulation process into a phase state IIE outside the wet steam curve, the specific enthalpy having a value in phase state IIE which has no cut area with a dry ice area of the refrigerant.
    [12]
    12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cycle process of phase state II aus¬hend comprises the following state changes: a. Substantially isobaric heating of the refrigerant up to the wet steam curve (II => III), b. essentially isentropic compression to an overpressure above the pressure of the initial phase state II and preferably above the critical pressure of the refrigerant (III => IV), c. essentially isenthalpe expansion (IV => V), and d. Mix with the refrigerant in the air conditioner (V => ΙΓ).
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, comprising the following steps before the step of the recirculation process: evacuating a closed area of the service device, which adjoins the Nie¬derdruckseite the air conditioner and is separated therefrom by a closed valve (101); Opening of a fluid connection between the evacuated area of the service device and the fluid system of the air conditioning system (expansion I => II).
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, which after the cycle process comprises the step abzupumpepen the refrigerant from the air conditioning in a reservoir.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that deposited during the process waste oil and the amount of abgeschie¬denten from the air conditioning waste oil is determined.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, which further comprises the step of evacuating the system with ei¬ner vacuum pump after draining and optionally pumping out the refrigerant.
    [17]
    17. The method according to claim 15 and 16, characterized in that after removing the refrigerant and before refilling the air conditioning fresh oil is introduced into the evacuated fluid system, wherein the amount of the fresh oil is determined by the amount of the separated waste oil.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2944486A1|2015-11-18|
    CA2890872A1|2015-11-12|
    AT514924B1|2015-05-15|
    PL2944486T3|2016-12-30|
    CA2890872C|2017-06-27|
    US20150323233A1|2015-11-12|
    ES2592434T3|2016-11-30|
    EP2944486B1|2016-06-15|
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    EP2526354B1|2010-01-22|2017-09-13|MAHLE International GmbH|A system and a method for the flushing of air condition systems|
    IT1399006B1|2010-02-18|2013-03-28|Texa Spa|METHOD AND DEVICE TO REMOVE RESIDUAL FLUIDS PRESENT IN AT LEAST AN EXTERNAL FITTING TUBE OF A MACHINE TO RECHARGE / RECOVER A REFRIGERANT FLUID IN / FROM A VEHICLE CONDITIONING / AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM|EP3162599A1|2015-10-27|2017-05-03|Brain Bee S.P.A.|Method and device for recovery and recharging of refrigerant fluid in motor vehicles with oil recovery|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50331/2014A|AT514924B1|2014-05-12|2014-05-12|Apparatus and method for servicing an air conditioner|ATA50331/2014A| AT514924B1|2014-05-12|2014-05-12|Apparatus and method for servicing an air conditioner|
    EP15165998.4A| EP2944486B1|2014-05-12|2015-04-30|Device and method for maintenance of an air conditioner|
    PL15165998.4T| PL2944486T3|2014-05-12|2015-04-30|Device and method for maintenance of an air conditioner|
    ES15165998.4T| ES2592434T3|2014-05-12|2015-04-30|Device and procedure for the maintenance of an air conditioning installation|
    CA2890872A| CA2890872C|2014-05-12|2015-05-11|Device and method for maintaining an air conditioner|
    US14/709,816| US20150323233A1|2014-05-12|2015-05-12|Device and Method for Maintaining an Air Conditioner|
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